Referral C-528/25 (Firmenauskunft PUR, 5 Aug 2025)

Is EU law, in particular Article 13(3) and the second sentence of Article 13(5) of Directive 2002/58/EC 1 to be interpreted as meaning that

the effectiveness of those provisions requires that, in the context of the interpretation of national law, in particular the interpretation of general clauses of civil law,

(a) natural persons acting in a business capacity as subscribers are also protected from unsolicited calls for advertising purposes (cold calling),

(b) such calls are to be regarded as unlawful acts under national law,

(c) protection against being taken by surprise is included in the scope of protection of such general clauses and

(d) unsolicited contracts concluded on the basis of such calls are to be regarded as damage?