(1) Personal data

1 pending referral

Referral C-654/25 (Undelam, 6 Oct 2025)

3 preliminary rulings

Judgment of 3 Apr 2025, C-710/23 (Ministerstvo zdravotnictví)

Points 1 and 2 of Article 4 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) must be interpreted as meaning that the disclosure of the first name, surname, signature and contact details of a natural person representing a legal person constitutes processing of personal data. The fact that that disclosure is made for the sole purpose of enabling the identification of the natural person authorised to act on behalf of that legal person is irrelevant in that regard.

Judgment of 4 Oct 2024, C-200/23 (Agentsia po vpisvaniyata)

Article 4(1) of Regulation 2016/679 must be interpreted as meaning that the handwritten signature of a natural person is covered by the concept of ‘personal data’ within the meaning of that provision.  

Judgment of 19 Oct 2016, C-582/14 (Breyer)

Article 2(a) of Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data must be interpreted as meaning that a dynamic IP address registered by an online media services provider when a person accesses a website that the provider makes accessible to the public constitutes personal data within the meaning of that provision, in relation to that provider, where the latter has the legal means which enable it to identify the data subject with additional data which the internet service provider has about that person.

---

Disclaimer